中药注射剂用于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的药学监护探讨

新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发严重危害了人们的身体健康和生命安全。国家卫生健康委员会发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》(以下简称第七版方案)中,推荐临床治疗期重型、危重型患者在使用中药饮片的同时可联合使用中药注射剂。本文针对第七版方案中推荐的部分中药注射剂,详细分析其相关作用特点及药学监护点,帮助临床医护人员合理使用中药注射剂,以利于中医药防治新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,促进临床一线合理用药。     

腹针治疗非典型抗精神病药物所致肥胖的治疗效果观察

目的 探讨腹针对非典型抗精神病药物所致肥胖患者体质量、腰围、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）及血脂的影响。方法 将60例服用非典型抗精神病药物所致肥胖的患者,根据年龄、性别、病程、既往肥胖时间,按组间均衡的原则分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用腹针治疗,对照组为健康指导。观察两组患者在治疗前、治疗第28天和治疗第56天体质量、腰围、BMI及血脂浓度的变化。结果 对研究结果采用重复多因素方差分析,治疗组腰围、BMI、三酰甘油与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,治疗组效果优于对照组。进行两两比较分析结果发现,在治疗第28天时,治疗组腰围及BMI与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;第56天时,治疗组体质量、腰围、BMI、三酰甘油与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,治疗组效果优于对照组。结论 腹针能有效地降低服用抗精神病药物所致肥胖患者体质量、腰围、BMI,促进脂代谢,降低血脂水平。     

基于层次聚类与复杂症状网络的广泛性焦虑障碍之上热下寒证的症状关系

目的 全面系统地探究广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder, GAD)之上热下寒证的症状特点。方法 使用广泛性焦虑障碍中医证候调查表评估首都医科大学附属北京安定医院门诊收治的168例GAD患者的中医四诊信息与西医精神症状信息。专家判定其中100例为上热下寒证患者,68例为非上热下寒证患者。通过频数分析研究上热下寒证的常见寒、热症状分布特点。通过层次聚类分析GAD之上热下寒证的病位证素、病性证素。再通过提取GAD之上热下寒证的核心症状,进行核心症状间的复杂症状网络分析,探究上热与下寒症状间的内在逻辑关系。最后联合聚类分析与复杂网络分析结果,探寻GAD之上热下寒证的核心病机。结果 GAD上热下寒证的患者较非上热下寒证的患者病程更长,焦虑程度显著较高,常见症状(频率>30%)更多。GAD上热下寒证常见(频率>30%)的寒、热症状有:口舌干燥、舌苔白、两目干痒、下肢不温、面部洪热潮热、口苦、口渴欲饮、小腹畏寒、腰凉、盗汗、头热汗出、脉滑、手热足冷、足胫寒冷、面部多汗。GAD上热下寒证的病位证素为:心、胃、肾、督脉、脾、胆;病性证素为:火热、寒凝、气滞、气虚、阳虚。精神焦虑在核心症状的复杂症状网络中的作用最大。结论 精神症状在GAD上热下寒证的症状中占据主导地位,其潜在的核心病机可能是“君火失明,相火离位”,其治疗则为清热安神,辅以温阳。     

Fidelity and sustainability of Mouth Care Without a Battle and lessons for other innovations in care

There are countless efficacious interventions that improve outcomes when conducted in controlled situations. Many fewer are effective when implemented in real-world situations, largely because they are not implemented with fidelity. Still fewer are sustained over time, for reasons including lack of institutional support and fit with existing values, among others. It is especially important to examine fidelity and sustainability when efficacious interventions are being implemented, because these interventions are the ones that hold the most promise. This project examined the fidelity and sustainability of Mouth Care Without a Battle (MCWB), an evidence-based program conducted in a two-year cluster randomized trial in 14 nursing homes. Results that triangulated two sources of data indicated that fidelity decreased after the first year; they provide guidance to promote fidelity and sustainability of this and other new care practices in nursing homes, including ongoing education, coaching, evaluation, feedback, and sufficient resources.     

Effectiveness of online dementia caregivers training programs: A systematic review

Over the next thirty years, Alzheimer's disease rates will increase alongside global aging. With the anticipated increase in demand, knowledgeable and skilled dementia caregivers will be in need across the long-term care spectrum. This study is a systematic review of online dementia-based training programs for formal and informal caregivers conducted to analyze evidence for using online training programs. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) method. Methodological quality was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group criteria. No previously published systematic review has analyzed online dementia training programs among both formal and informal caregivers. A systematic search of Web of Science, PsychInfo, and PubMed resulted in a final sample of (N = 19) studies. Results suggest that online interventions improve the condition and preparedness of caregivers, but future evaluations should consider study designs with multiple time points, control groups, and content that is personalized and interactive.     

Postural effect on gait characteristics by using rolling walkers

This study was to examine the effect of leaning-forward posture (LFP) on gait parameters while using a rolling walker (RW).A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 23 older female adults were asked to walk with a RW on the GaitRite walkway in two posture situations: upright posture, and LFP caused by pushing the RW forward and then following the RW. The temporal and spatial gait parameters were obtained for data analysis.Results showed that compared with the upright posture, participants with LFP demonstrated significantly increased cadence, decreased velocity and gait cycle time (both swing and stance time decreased). Of spatial parameters, both step and stride length significantly decreased, but the base of support increased significantly.These indicate that LFP during ambulation with a RW could lead participants to a shuffling-like (many steps on short distance) gait pattern. They may help clinicians find proper rehabilitation interventions and appropriate patient education for this specific postural presentation.     

A mixed methods evaluation of got care!

This study aimed to assess the relationship between an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCP) intervention for community-dwelling older adults, Geriatric Outreach and Training with Care! (GOT Care!), and the observed 26% reduction in Emergency Department (ED) visits for the 51 older adult participants. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was utilized. Demographic data and ED visit data were collected and analyzed using paired-samples t-tests, poisson regression and generalized poisson regression. Stakeholder perspectives were assessed via emailed open-ended surveys and analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative results were transformed into trends that were compared and contrasted with the qualitative themes. The results were consistent with the current literature that IPCP models may have a greater impact on older adults with certain demographic characteristics such as polypharmacy, diabetes and prior ED use, while nursing was identified as an ideal leader for IPCP teams.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间焦虑情绪的识别及中医应对策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)自出现以来就在迅速蔓延,疾病传染性强,人群普遍易感。虽然我国疫情整体可控,但国际上疫情形势依然严峻。由于对疾病预防知识了解不足,无论是受感染患者还是未感染者,都出现了不同程度紧张、焦虑的异常情绪,对个人生活产生严重影响。中西医结合治疗对COVID-19疫情诱发的焦虑情绪有促进作用。本文根据作者多年从事焦虑障碍治疗的临床经验,阐述了COVID-19患者的焦虑表现,焦虑对免疫系统的影响,创新性地提出根据运用中医情志相胜理论缓解由于疫情引发的紧张、恐惧、担忧的情绪;主张以焦虑核心症状为主进行中医辨证论治,恰当、合理使用经方。希望通过中医理论的指导改善人们对COVID-19焦虑的认知,采取有效的方式减轻和缓解焦虑。